Proposal Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Research Proposal Example (a) Horizontal dimensions, and (b) Extended uniform setbacks. The analysis is conducted using total 24 two-dimensional five-story, five-bay MRSF models that cover all possible combinations of the vertical and horizontal dimensions of uniform setbacks. The effects of irregularities and variations in elastic demands, in response to earthquakes, will be investigated and compared through; (a) Modal properties (b) Elastic base shear strength demands (c) Elastic story shear strength demand (d) Global displacement demands (e) Story drift demands (f) Elastic multi degree of freedom systems (MDOF) modification factor. Variation in these parameters is determined using accepted linear static and dynamic procedures. During the study, the variation in inelastic capacities will also be evaluated and compared through; (a) Base and story yield shear strengths (b) Global and story ductility capacities (c) Failure mechanisms and ultimate strengths (d) Inelastic seismic design coefficients such as; structural ductility factor (), ductility reduction factor (R), structural over-strength factor () and their distributions using nonlinear static procedure, namely push-over analysis. The limitations and adequacy of each analysis procedure in predicting demand and capacities of buildings with specific amount of irregularity will also be evaluated by comparison with the results obtained from "exact" nonlinear time-history analysis procedure. The study is expected to define, 'limit states' of uniform setbacks, for the application of each procedure determining seismic demands and capacities. 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background and Motivation of the study Design of a building with vertical geometric... (d) Inelastic seismic design coefficients such as; structural ductility factor (), ductility reduction factor (R), structural over-strength factor () and their distributions using nonlinear static procedure, namely push-over analysis. The limitations and adequacy of each analysis procedure in predicting demand and capacities of buildings with specific amount of irregularity will also be evaluated by comparison with the results obtained from "exact" nonlinear time-history analysis procedure. The study is expected to define, 'limit states' of uniform setbacks, for the application of each procedure determining seismic demands and capacities. Design of a building with vertical geometric irregularity to resist earthquake loads is a challenging problem that structural engineering needs to overcome early in the conceptual design phase.

The History of the Cheese Curd Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The History of the Cheese Curd - Research Paper Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the legend of cheese curd states that there are several events that are related to the innovation of cheese curd. Several experts agree on one of the stories and this story is very well published in relation to the history of cheese curd. It is believed that the origin of cheese curd can be traced back to the Middle Eastern regions. In this region, a traveler used to move from one end to another and one day decided to carry milk while he was on a journey. While he was performing a journey, his thirst started creeping up. At that time the heat levels were very high and due to this exposure to heat, he figured out that his milk was no longer in liquid form. He figured out that the milk he was carrying on his journey had curdled and had resulted in a mixture that comprised of both liquids and curds that were white in color. This curdled form of milk is pointed out to be the origin of cheese curd. There are various mythical theories regardin g the change in the structure and the mix of milk that was being carried by the traveler. One of the main reasons that are said to have resulted in the curdled structure of the milk was that the bag in which milk was being carried by the traveler consisted of rennin. Rennin is one of the enzymes that are even used today in order to curdle milk so the cheese can be created from that milk. Rennin is said to exist in the bag because the bag was created while using the stomach of a cow. Rennin is most commonly used to curdle milk but the process is quite slow and takes an ample amount of time.